Racism and Hooliganism in English Football Coursework

Racism and Hooliganism in English Football - Coursework ExampleA questionnaire to assess the perception of racialism in football plunk for was distributed to football clubs and their spectators in the North East of England, and 10% of these questionnaires were returned. The results of this research seem to demonstrate that racism has little bring and plays a minimal role in the production of hooliganism within English professional football at least as a simple causal agent.Racism - the theory that people of adept race argon superior to a nonher race, and this theory often results in hostility towards the supposed low-level race, and practices of discrimination (Williams 1991).Hooliganism - Although the exact definition of hooligans is rather open-ended, it can be characterised as violence toward contend fans, fakes, and referees or destruction of objects inside or around the stadium. Violent incidents that occur following a game that fans perpetrate is also often considered ac ts of hooliganism (University of Leicester 2002).Professional football in England still suffers from incidents, trends and traditions which suggest that racism is very much a part of the game. For instance, comments by individuals involved in playing, managing and mediating football in England ar suggestive of an acceptability of racism in and around the game (Metro 2007). This has largely been attributed to Britains colonial past, where it was common stain for racial stereotypes to prevail (University of Leicester 2002). Whilst most of this racism has been targeted towards black players, it is also affecting Englands reputation for international matches with its European counterparts (University of Leicester 2002, Giulianotti and Armstrong 2003, Spaaij 2006). The fact that black players and white, but foreign, players are the subject of racist comments shows the at the term racist is not as simple as it might at least superficially seem. The black players may be targeted because of their blackness, while the other foreign players are targeted for their foreignness but black and foreign are not synonymous. Some black players are targeted for racist comments by supposedly friendly supporters, i.e. supporters of the team that the black player is playing on. Added to this mix is the element of hooliganism in which the hurling of racial epithets from one group of supporters to some other is often the precursor to violence, then a complex situation arises. This situation has further been exploited by right wing groups who use football grounds to distribute their paraphernalia examples include the 1982 World cupful Finals, where right wing organisers were actively recruiting sympathisers, before and